Price stability
Designed to maintain value against a defined reference, most commonly 1:1.
Peg mechanism
Pegged to fiat (or a basket of currencies), commodities, crypto collateral, or maintained via an algorithmic mechanism, depending on the model.
Reserves and transparency
For collateralised models: disclosure of reserve composition, custody/segregation arrangements, and procedures to evidence sufficiency.
Issuance and redemption
Minting and redeemability rules define conversion mechanics and tokenholder rights on redemption.
Governance model
Can be centrally issued and controlled by an issuer, or implemented via decentralised DLT-based architecture.
Smart contract logic
Issuance, redemption, and transfer restrictions can be automated through smart contracts, including embedded compliance controls.
Access and restrictions
Permissioned or permissionless; may include user onboarding rules and jurisdictional limits, including sanctioned territories.
Integration and interoperability
Compatibility with DeFi and other platforms via token standards and infrastructure (including bridges).
Transaction parameters
Fees and settlement speed depend on the underlying network and infrastructure choices.
Compliance requirements
Depending on jurisdiction and structure: AML/KYC, sanctions screening, transaction monitoring, and reporting.
Audit and security
Independent reserve attestations/audits and security audits of smart contracts and infrastructure.
Scalability
Throughput depends on the network’s capacity and the selected technical architecture.